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Adverbs |
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Adverbs are the words that you may add to a sentence to give the verb an description. For instance in the English sentence "Tanaka runs fast.", fast is the adverb, describing the way Tanaka runs. Similar constructs also
Adverbs made of -i adjectivesTo form an adverb from an -i adjective, add -ku to the stem.
安い
|
yasui
|
cheap
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安く |
yasuku |
cheaply |
| 早い |
hayai
|
quick
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早く |
hayaku |
quickly |
| いい |
ii |
good
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よく
|
yoku |
well [Irregular] |
昨日の晩トラコはよくねました。
Kinou no ban Torako wa yoku nemashita.
Torako slept well last night.
Adverbs made of -na adjectives
To form an adverb from a -na adjective, use ni after the adjective:
静か
|
shizuka
|
quiet |
|
静かに |
chizuka ni |
quietly |
| 簡単 |
kantan
|
simple
|
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簡単に |
kantan ni |
simply
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トラコは静かに歩きます。
Torako wa shizuka ni arukimasu.
Torako walks quietly.
Other adverbs
Of course, there are many adverbs which are not derived from verbs.
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昨日
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kinou
|
yesterday
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あまり
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amari
|
not much
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少し
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sukoshi
|
a
little
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少ない
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sukunai
|
a few
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多い
|
ooi
|
a
lot
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今日
|
kyou
|
today
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ばっかり
|
bakkari
|
only
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たぶん
|
tabun
|
perhaps
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明日
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ashita
|
tomorrow
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ちょっと
|
chotto
|
a little
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大変
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taihen
|
very
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毎日
|
mainichi
|
every
day
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いかが
|
ikaga
|
how
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たくさん
|
takusan
|
a
lot
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毎朝
|
maiasa
|
every
morning
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いつも
|
itsumo
|
always
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ときどき
|
tokidoki
|
sometimes
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今
|
ima
|
now
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また
|
mata
|
again
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とても
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totemo
|
very
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やがて
|
yagate
|
soon
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もう
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mou
|
already
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ゆっくり
|
yukkuri
|
slowly
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すぐ
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sugu
|
inmediately
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もっと
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motto
|
more
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全然
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zenzen
|
at
all (with negative verbs)
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まだ
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mada
|
yet,
still
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なかなか
|
nakanaka
|
completely
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ほとんど
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hotondo
|
almost
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はっきり
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hakkiri
|
clearly
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どんどん
|
dondon
|
quickly
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めったに
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metta
ni
|
seldom
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突然
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totsuzen
|
suddenly
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そっと
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sotto
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smoothly,
softly
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きっと
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kitto
|
certainly
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さらに
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sara
ni
|
besides
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そろそろ
|
sorosoro
|
gradually
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益々, ますます
|
masumasu
|
more
and more
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前
|
mae
|
before
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後, あと
|
ato
|
after
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のち
|
nochi
|
later
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さきほど、さっき
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sakihodo,
sakki
|
until
recently
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さっさと
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sassa
|
quickly
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再び
|
futatabi
|
again
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| そもそも
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somosomo
|
in
the first place
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すでに
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sudeni
|
already,
too late
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すっかり
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sukkari
|
completely
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とくに
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toku
ni
|
specially
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取り敢えず
|
toriaezu
|
at
once
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相変わらず
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aikawarazu
|
as
ever
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拘らず
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kakawarazu
|
despite
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わざわざ
|
wazawaza
|
on
purpose
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必ず
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kanarazu
|
certainly,
whitout fail
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一般に
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ippan
ni
|
generally
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大丈夫
|
daijoubu
|
OK
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一人で
|
hitori
de
|
alone
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This page is a part of "Some Notes on
Japanese Grammar" published for your personal use, with the kind
permission of Keith Smillie (http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/)
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