Time and Calendar
Specific Time
| 1 o’clock |
ichiji 【一時】 |
1 minute |
ippun 【一分】 |
| 2 o’clock |
niji 【２時】 |
2 minutes |
nifun 【２分】. |
| 3 o’clock |
sanji |
3 minutes |
sanpun |
| 4 o’clock |
yoji |
4 minutes |
yonpun |
| 5 o’clock |
goji |
5 minutes |
gofun |
| 6 o’clock |
rokuji |
6 minutes |
roppun |
| 7 o’clock |
shichiji |
7 minutes |
nanafun |
| 8 o’clock |
hachiji |
8 minutes |
happun |
| 9 o’clock |
kuji |
9 minutes |
kyuufun |
| 10 o’clock |
juuji |
10 minutes |
juppun |
| 11 o’clock |
juuichiji |
|
|
| 12 o’clock |
juuniji |
|
|
| 半 |
han |
half |
Goji han desu. |
It’s 5:30. |
| 過ぎ |
sugi |
after |
Juuji juugofun sugi desu. |
It’s 10:15. |
| まえ |
mae |
before |
Juuji juugofun mae desu. |
It's a quarter to ten.. |
| 午前 |
gozen |
a.m. |
Gozen hachiji desu. |
It’s 8 a.m. |
| 午後 |
gogo |
p.m. |
Gogo juuji desu. |
It’s 10 p.m. |
| 正午 |
shougo |
noon |
|
|
Relative Time
| 朝 |
asa |
morning |
| 昼 |
hiru |
noon |
| 午後 |
gogo |
afternoon |
| 夕方 |
yuugata |
evening |
|
|
|
| 一昨日 |
ototoi |
day before yesterday |
| 昨日 |
kinou, sakujitsu |
yesterday |
| 今日 |
kyou |
today |
| 明日 |
ashita |
tomorrow |
| 明後日 |
asatte |
day after tomorrow |
|
|
|
| 先々週 |
sensenshuu |
week before last |
| 先週 |
senshuu |
last week |
| 今週 |
konshuu |
this week |
| 来週 |
raishuu |
next week |
| 再来週 |
saraishuu |
week after next |
|
|
|
| 先々月 |
sensengetsu |
month before last |
| 先月 |
sengetsu |
last month |
| 今月 |
kongetsu |
this month |
| 来月 |
raigetsu |
next month |
| 再来月 |
saraigetsu |
month after next |
|
|
|
| 一昨年 |
ototoshi |
year before last |
| 昨年 |
sakunen |
last year |
| 去年 |
kyonen |
last year
|
| 今年 |
kotoshi |
this year |
| 来年 |
rainen |
next year |
| 再来年 |
sarainen |
year after next |
Weekdays
| 月曜日 |
Monday |
getsuyoubi |
| 火曜日 |
Tuesday |
kayoubi |
| 水曜日 |
Wednesday |
suiyoubi |
| 木曜日 |
Thursday |
mokuyoubi |
| 金曜日 |
Friday |
kinyoubi |
| 土曜日 |
Saturday |
doyoubi |
| 日曜日 |
Sunday |
nichiyoubi |
Months
The names of the Japanese months are simply named in number order. The numbers can be written either using Japanese characters or western number characters.
| January |
一月／1月 |
ichigatsu |
| February |
二月／2月 |
nigatsu |
| March |
三月／3月 |
sangatsu |
| April |
四月／4月 |
shigatsu |
| May |
五月／5月 |
gogatsu |
| June |
六月／6月 |
rokugatsu |
| July |
七月／7月 |
shichigatsu |
| August |
八月／8月 |
hachigatsu |
| September |
九月／9月 |
kugatsu |
| October |
十月／10月 |
juugatsu |
| November |
十一月／11月 |
juuichigatsu |
| December |
十二月／12月 |
juunigatsu |
Season, Time of Year
The Japanese people are often very proud of their four distinct seasons; summer, spring, winter and fall. But in fact they have also one more that is not counted as a real season - the rainy season - that is in June-July between spring and summer.
| 春 |
haru |
spring |
| 夏 |
natsu |
summer |
| 秋 |
aki |
autumn |
| 冬 |
fuyu |
winter |
| 梅雨 |
tsuyu |
rainy season
|
This page is based on "Some Notes on Japanese Grammar" published for your personal use, with the kind permission of Keith Smillie (http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/)
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