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Wishes

This article covers how to express own or others' wishes using -tai, -tagaru, hoshii, and -te moraitai/-te hoshii.

たい (-tai)

To express one's own wish to do something, add -tai to the infinitive. In normal polite Japanese this is followed by desu. Verbs ending in -tai are treated like -i adjectives, and so have a negative form ending in -taku arimasen and a past form ending in -takatta desu.

Examples:

お茶が飲みたいです。

Ocha ga nomitai desu.

I would like some tea.


昨日休みを取りたかったけど、大変忙しくて、取ることができませんでした。

Kinou yasumi o toritakatta kedo, taihen isogashikute, toru koto ga dekimasen deshita.

I wanted to take yesterday off, but I couldn't because I was extremely busy.


テレビを見たいです。

Terebi o mitai desu.

I want to watch TV.


川で泳ぎたいです。

Kawa de oyogitai desu.

I want to swim in the river.


デートをしたいです。

Deeto o shitai desu.

I want to date.Others' Wishes


-たがる - Other's Wishes

If you are talking about someone else wanting to do something, then you simply replace たい (tai) with the ending たがる (tagaru). For normal polite Japanese, this means that you would replace たいです (tai desu) with たがっています (tagatte imasu), forming continuous form at the same time, to express that the person is wishing it currently。

Examples:

電車で学校に行きたがっています。

Densha de gakkou ni ikitagatte imasu.

He/she wants to go to school by train.


先生はコーヒーを飲みたがっています。

Sensei wa koohii o nomitagatte imasu.

The teacher wants to drink coffee.


田中さんは絵を書きたがっています。

Tanaka-san wa e o kakitagatte imasu.

Mr./Ms. Tanaka wants to draw a picture.


ほしい (hoshii)

To express a desire for a thing, use the -i adjective hoshii. To use the construct with verbs, add ほしい (hoshii) after the -te form of the verb.

Examples:

彼女は、ボーイフレンドがほしいといいました。

Kanojo wa, bouifurendo ga hoshii to iimashita.

She said she wants a boyfriend.


コーヒーが欲しいです。

Koohii ga hoshii desu.

I want a cup of coffee.


てもらいたい (-te moraitai) / てほしい (-te hoshii)

To express a desire for someone to do something, use  -te moraitai (-てもらいたい) or -te hoshii (-てほしい) form and the infection of them. When "who" you want to do something is not explicitly stated, it is assumed you want the listener to do the action:

Examples:

コーヒーを飲んでもらいたいです。 / コーヒーを飲んでほしいです。

Koohii o nonde moraitai desu. / Koohii o nonde hoshii desu.

I want you to have a cup of coffee.


電車でそこへ行ってもらいたいです。 / 電車でそこへ行ってほしいです。

Densha de soko e itte moraitai desu. / Densha de soko e itte hoshii desu.

I want you to go there by train.


It is possible to explicitly state "who" you want to do, as follows:

Examples:

あなたにコーヒーを飲んでもらいたいです。 / あなたにコーヒーを飲んでほしいです。

Anata ni koohii o nonde moraitai desu. / Anata ni koohii o nonde hoshii desu.

I want you to have a cup of coffee.


彼に電車でそこへ行ってもらいたいです。 / 彼に電車でそこへ行ってほしいです。

Kare ni densha de soko e itte moraitai desu. / Kare ni densha de soko e itte hoshii desu.

I want him to go there by train.



This page is based on a modified part of "Some Notes on Japanese Grammar" published for your personal use, with the kind permission of Keith Smillie (http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/)

Comments (10)
thanks for pointing out the typo
10 Thursday, 29 October 2009 10:37
tony
Note, however, that in hiragana, the particle pronounced "wa" is spelled with は, which is pronounced "ha" when it is used in other words. So you will very often see this error in roomaji, especially when a Japanese person is writing the roomaji for someone who doesn't yet read kana.
typo
9 Thursday, 29 October 2009 08:09
kvj
"Tanaka-san ha e o kakitagatte imasu." I guess it should be "Tanaka-san wa e o kakitagatte imasu." ha -> wa
hoshii and hosii
8 Friday, 03 July 2009 14:08
tony
Thanks for pointing this out. In general, those of us who edit the pages of the site try to use the Romanization system which is most familiar to most users, which is the one in which し and ち are spelled "shi" and "chi", respectively. I have changed the spellings as you suggested.

It is worth pointing out, however, that for nihonjin, the Romanizations "si" and "ti" are more natural; the system of Romanization in which these choices are made consistently is called "kunreisiki" ( "kunreishiki" ). So what probably happened here is that the roomaji were added by a nihonjin, who forgot that "shi" and "chi" are easier to read for many people, especially English speakers.
欲しい- last 4 examples
7 Friday, 03 July 2009 13:52
Alynne07
they're spelled hosii... i believe it's a typo
edit
6 Friday, 26 June 2009 04:34
maz
I added a section for the matter. copyedit is appreciated.
correction for tony's train example
5 Friday, 26 June 2009 03:49
maz
as Shizu is pointed out at the forum,

"Densha de itte hoshii (desu)"
is
"I want YOU to go by train."

where the person who would act is not specified so it's automatically assumed to be "YOU" (the listener).

If you want to say "I want HIM to go by train.", then,

"Kare ni densha de itte hoshii (desu)."

See also:
http://www.studyjapanese.org/component/fireboard/?func=view&catid=2&id=4770#4770

...or I better write this on the forum perhaps?
No example of -te hoshii was given
4 Thursday, 25 June 2009 00:40
tony
Alynne-san, in the example, what is wished for is the noun booifurendo.

Smilie-san was saying that to express a wish for an action to take place, one would use the -te form of a verb followed by hoshii. For example, I believe "densha de itte hoshii desu" would mean "I want to go by train"; I don't know exactly how this would differ from "densha de ikitai desu", but perhaps it puts more emphasis on wanting to go BY TRAIN.
hoshii
3 Wednesday, 24 June 2009 19:31
Alynne07
why is 'hoshii' b4 the verb, if it's s'posed 2 come after?
"desu" makes the sentence polite
2 Monday, 23 March 2009 05:04
tony
"desu" can be omitted in this sentence in casual speech; having "desu" at the end of this sentence makes the whole sentence what is called "normal polite" level. But you are right-- it IS confusing, right after saying that one should add "desu" after the -tai form of the adjective.
Erm..
1 Monday, 23 March 2009 04:01
Nott
Why does the first example not have desu? I'm sure it's fine Japanese, but it's not explained. It's confusing. @.@
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